Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) affects up to 75% of women to some degree. Understanding the science behind it can help partners provide better support.
What Causes PMS?
PMS is caused by the natural hormonal fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels during the luteal phase (the week or two before her period).
Common Physical Symptoms
- Bloating: Caused by water retention due to hormonal changes
- Breast tenderness: Result of hormonal fluctuations
- Fatigue: Lower energy levels as the body prepares for menstruation
- Headaches: Often linked to changing estrogen levels
- Cramps: Caused by prostaglandins that help the uterus contract
Emotional and Psychological Symptoms
- Mood swings: Rapid changes in emotional state
- Irritability: Lower tolerance for frustration
- Anxiety: Heightened worry or nervousness
- Sadness: Feeling down or weepy
- Difficulty concentrating: Mental fog or forgetfulness
Why Symptoms Vary
Not every woman experiences PMS the same way. Factors like genetics, stress levels, diet, exercise, and overall health all play a role in symptom severity.
What You Can Do
Understanding that these symptoms have a biological basis can help you respond with empathy rather than frustration. Her feelings are real and valid - they're not "just hormones."
When to Encourage Professional Help
If symptoms significantly interfere with daily life, it may be PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), a more severe condition that can benefit from medical treatment.
